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Although Frankenstein is obsessed with gothic fiction and the romantic movement, Brian Aldiss believes that this should be considered the first true science fiction novel. In stark contrast to earlier stories with similar fantasy elements in later science fiction, Aldis claimed that the central character "made a deliberate choice" and "used modern laboratory experiments" to achieve impressive results. The novel had a significant impact on literature and popular culture, and spawned the entire genre of horror stories, movies, and dramas.